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PLC Pressure Thermoforming Machine With Three Stations HEY01 Product Introduction This Pressure Thermoforming Machine Mainly for the production of variety plastic containers ( egg tray, fruit container, food container, package containers, etc) with thermoplastic sheets, such as PP,APET, PS, PVC, EPS, OPS, PEEK, PLA, CPET,etc. Feature Mechanical, pneumatic and electrical combination, all working actions are controlled by PLC. Touch screen makes the operation convenient and easy. Pressure And/Or Vacuum forming. Thermoforming Machine: Upper and down mould forming. Servo motor feeding, feeding length can be step-less adjusted. High speed and accurate. Upper & lower heater, four sections heating. Heater with intellectual temperature control system,which has high precision, uniform temperature, won’t be effected by outer voltage.Low power consumption (energy saving 15%), ensure the longer service life of heating furnace. Forming and cutting unit mold open and close controlled by servo motor, products automatically count. Products be stacked downward. Plastic Thermoforming Machine: data memorization function. Feeding width can be synchronously or independently adjusted in electrical way. Heater will automatically push-out when the sheet is over. Auto roll sheet loading, reduce the working load. Plastic Thermoforming Machine Key Specification Model HEY01-6040 HEY01-6850 HEY01-7561 Max.Forming Area (mm2) 600x400 680x500 750x610 3 Stations Forming, Cutting, Stacking Sheet Width (mm) 350-720 Sheet Thickness (mm) 0.2-1.5 Max. Dia. Of Sheet Roll (mm) 800 Forming Mould Stroke(mm) Upper Mould 150, Down Mould 150 Power Consumption 60-70KW/H Forming Mould Width (mm) 350-680 Max. Formed Depth (mm) 100 Cutting Mould Stroke(mm) Upper Mould 150,Down Mould 150 Max. Cutting Area (mm2) 600x400 680x500 750x610 Cutting Force （ton） 40 Dry Speed (cycle/min) Max 30 Product Cooling Method By Water Cooling Vacuum Pump UniverstarXD100 Power Supply 3 phase 4 line  380V50Hz Max. Heating Power 121.6 Max. Power of Whole Machine (kw) 150 Max. Machine Dimension(L*W*H) (mm) 11150×2300×2700 Weight of Whole Machine ( T ) ≈11 Brand of Main Components PLC Taiwan Delta Touch Screen Monitor (10 inch) Taiwan Delta Feeding Servo Motor (3kw) Taiwan Delta Forming Down Mould Servo Motor (3kw) Taiwan Delta Forming Upper Mould Servo Motor (3kw) Taiwan Delta Cutting Down Mould Servo Motor (3Kw) Taiwan Delta Cutting Upper Mould Servo Motor (5.5Kw) Taiwan Delta Stacking Servo Motor(1.5Kw) Taiwan Delta Heater (192 pcs) TRIMBLE AC Contactor French Schneider Thermo Relay Schneider Intermediate Relay Japan Omron Air Switch South Korea LS Pneumatic Component MAC. AirTAC/ ZHICHENG Cylinder China ZHICHENG   20 years experience GTMSMART Machinery Co., Ltd. is an innovative technology enterprise integrating technology, industry and trade. It mainly develops and produces various types of high-precision automatic production equipment. The newly developed GTM series of fully automatic air pressing molding production line includes: feeding unit, pre-heating unit, forming unit, vertical blanking unit, stack unit, scrap winding unit, punching cutting and stacking three-in-one horizontal blanking unit, online labeling unit, etc., which can be combined with flexible production line according to different production requirements of customers.

Cup Thermoforming Machine Application The whole Plastic Cup Thermoforming Machine Mainly for the production of variety plastic containers ( jelly cups, drink cups, disposable cup, package containers, food bowl etc) with thermoplastic sheets, such as PP, PET, PS, PLA,etc. Cup Making Machine Feature Utilize hydraulic system and electrical technology control for servo stretching. It’s a high price ratio machine which was developed base on customer’s market demand.  The whole plastic cup making machine is controlled by hydraulic and servo, with inverter feeding, hydraulic driven system, servo stretching, these make it has stable operation and finish product with high quality. Thermoforming Cup Making Machine Technical Specifications  (Model) HEY11-6835 HEY11-7542 HEY11-8556 Forming Area 680x350mm 750x420 mm 850x560 mm Sheet width 600-710mm 680-750 mm 780-850 mm Max.forming depth 180mm 180 mm 180 mm Heating rated power 100KW 140KW 150KW Machine total weight 5T 7T 7T Motor power 10KW 15KW 15KW Dimension 4700x1600x3100mm Applicable raw material PP, PS, PET, HIPS, PE, PLA Sheet thickness 0.3-2.0mm Work frequency <35 times/minute Drive mode Hydraulic and pneumatic pressure Pressure supply 0.6-0.8 Air consumption 2200L/min Water consumption ≦0.5m3 Power supply Three Phase 380V/50HZ

Paper Cup & Bowl Sleeve Machine Technical Parameter Model Ultrasonic Paper Cup Sleeve Machine Paper Bowl Size 6 oz-16 oz (mold exchangeable) height up to 125 mm Raw Material 170-360 g/m2 PE paper, varnishing printed paper, or other film coated paper (can be sealed by ultrasonic) Rated Productivity 50-65pieces/minute; Power Source 220V/380V/ 50Hz or other required Total Power 4 KW Total Weight 1000KG Package Size(L x W x H) 2450 x1200 x2000mm; Working Air Source 0.6Mpa, Air Out-put:0.3 m3/minute

Product Introduction Four Stations Large PP Plastic Thermoforming Machine is forming, cutting and stacking in one line. It is completely driven by servo motor, stable operation, low noise, high efficiency, suitable for producing plastic trays, containers, boxes, lids, etc. Feature 1.PP Plastic Thermoforming Machine: High degree of automation, production speed. By installing the mold to produce different products, to achieve more purposes of one machine. 2.Integration of mechanical and electrical, PLC control, high precision feeding by frequency conversion motor. 3.PP Thermoforming Machine Imported famous brand electrical components, pneumatic components, stable operation, reliable quality, long using life. 4.The thermoforming machines has compact structure, air pressure, forming, cutting, cooling, blow out finished product feature set in one module, make the product process short, high finished product level, accord with national health standards. Key Specification Model GTM 52 4Station Maximum forming area 625x453mm Minimum forming area 250x200mm Maximum mold size 650x478mm Maximum mold weight 250kg Height over sheet material forming part 120mm Height under sheet material forming part 120mm Dry cycle speed 35 cycles/min Maximum film width 710mm Operating pressure 6 bar

Three Stations Negative Pressure Forming Machine HEY06 Application This Thermoforming Machine Mainly for the production of variety plastic containers ( egg tray, fruit container, package containers, etc) with thermoplastic sheets. Three Stations Negative Pressure Forming Machine Features 1.Mechanical, pneumatic, electrical integration. Each action program is controlled by PLC. Touching screen operation is simple and convenient. 2.Vacuum Forming In-mould Cutting. 3.Up and down moulds forming type. 4.Servo feeding, length step less adjusting, high speed accurately and stablity. 5.Negative Pressure Forming Machine Up and down heater with two phases heating. 6.Electric heating furnace temperature control system adopts full computer intelligent automatic compensation control, partition control using digital input interface one by one, has the high precision fine-tuning, uniform temperature, heating up fast (only 3 minutes from 0-400 degrees), stability (not influenced by external voltage, temperature fluctuations no more than 1 degree), low energy consumption (energy saving about 15%), the furnace plate advantages for long life. 7.Forming and cutting station with open and close servo motor control, products with automatic tally output. 8.Products can be choosing by you to down stacking type,Or the manipulator is taken in the mold. 9.Plastic Thermoforming Machine with product information and data memory function. 10.Feeding caterpillar width can be synchronization automatic or discretely electric adjusting. 11.Heater automatic shift out device. 12.Mechanical loading device, reduce workers labor strength. Negative Pressure Forming Machine Technical Parameter Forming Area 850x780mm Max.Forming Depth 150mm Sheet thickness 0.2-1.5mm Work Efficiency Max. 30 cycles/ Min Air Pressure 0.9mpa Power Consumption 50-70kw/h Max. Sheet Width 760mm Suited Material PP, PS, PET, PVC Total Max. Power 110 Overall size(LxWxH）mm 10040x2600x3200 Total Weight (T) 7

cup making machine Application The cup making machine is Mainly for the production of variety plastic containers ( jelly cups, drink cups, package containers, etc) with thermoplastic sheets, such as PP, PET, PE, PS, HIPS, PLA,etc. Cup Making Machine Technical Specifications Model HEY12-6835 HEY12-7542 HEY12-8556 Forming Area 680*350mm 750*420 mm 850*560 mm Sheet Width <680 mm <750 mm <850 mm Max. Forming Depth <180 mm <220 mm <180 mm Heating Rated Power 130kw 140kw 150kw Dimension 5200*2000*2800mm 5400*2000*2800mm 5500*2000*2800mm Machine Total Weight 7T 8T 9T Applicable Raw Material PP, PS, PET, HIPS, PE, PLA Sheet Thickness 0.2-3.0 mm Work Frequency <35 Motor Power 15kw Power Supply Three Phase 380V/50HZ Pressure Supply 0.6-0.8 Mpa Max.air Consumption 3.8 Water Consumption 20M3/h Control System PLC Delta Supply Sheet Rack Feeding Reducer with Motor Worm Gear Reducer (Supror) Pneumatic Pressure AirTAC Cylinder SC63×25=2PSC Pneumatic Feeding Sheet AirTAC Cylinder SC100×150=2PSC Electric Control Human-computer Interface Delta PLC Delta Servo Stretching Motor Delta 11KW servo driver+servo motor Servo Folding Motor Delta 15KW servo driver+servo motor Forming Station Standard square tube frame with 100*100, mould is casted steel and upper mould is fixed by nut. Opening and closing mould driven by eccentric gear connecting rod.Driving power by 15KW (Japan Yaskawa) servo motor, American KALK Reducer,main axis use HRB bearings. Plastic Cup Thermoforming Machine Main pneumatic component use SMC(Japan) magnetic. Sheet feeding device with planetary gear reducer motor, 4.4KW Siemens servo controller. Stretching device uses 11KW Siemens servo. Lubrication device is fully automatic. Caterpillars adopt fully enclosed structure, with cooling device and can manually adjust sheet width. Heating system uses China ceramic far-infrared heaters, stainless steel upper and down heating furnace, upper heater with 12 pcs heating pads vertically and 8 pcs heating pads horizontally , down heater with 11 pcs heating pads vertically and 8 pcs heating pads horizontally.(specification of heating pad is 85mm*245mm);Electric furnace push-out system uses 0.55KW worm gear reducer and ball screw, which is more stable and also protect the heater pads. Cup Thermoforming Machine Air filtration uses triplet, blowing cup can adjust airflow. Folding mould is consist of fixed upper plate、flexible mid plate and 4 pillars with surface hard chrome plating 45#. Eccentric is the construction of connecting rod fold mould, with running range ≤ 240mm. Electric heating furnace could be moved horizontally and vertically freely by guide-rail from Hiwin Taiwan. Top cups is controlled by AirTAC (Taiwan) cylinder. Waste Edge Winding Device On-line winding Reducer with 0.75KW motor (1 pc)

Product Introduction Four Stations Large PP Plastic Thermoforming Machine is forming, cutting and stacking in one line. It is completely driven by servo motor, stable operation, low noise, high efficiency, suitable for producing plastic trays, containers, boxes, lids, etc. Feature 1.PP Plastic Thermoforming Machine: High degree of automation, production speed. By installing the mold to produce different products, to achieve more purposes of one machine. 2.Integration of mechanical and electrical, PLC control, high precision feeding by frequency conversion motor. 3.PP Thermoforming Machine Imported famous brand electrical components, pneumatic components, stable operation, reliable quality, long using life. 4.The thermoforming machines has compact structure, air pressure, forming, cutting, cooling, blow out finished product feature set in one module, make the product process short, high finished product level, accord with national health standards. Key Specification Model GTM 52 4Station Maximum forming area 625x453mm Minimum forming area 250x200mm Maximum mold size 650x478mm Maximum mold weight 250kg Height over sheet material forming part 120mm Height under sheet material forming part 120mm Dry cycle speed 35 cycles/min Maximum film width 710mm Operating pressure 6 bar

Application This Negative Pressure Thermoforming Machine Mainly for the production of variety plastic containers ( seeding tray, fruit container, food containers, etc) with thermoplastic sheet. Features 1.Plastic Thermoforming Machine: Mechanical, pneumatic, electrical integration. Each action program is controlled by PLC. Touching screen operation is simple and convenient. 2.Vacuum Forming In-mould Cutting. 3.Up and down moulds forming type. 4.Servo feeding, length step less adjusting, high speed accurately and stablity. 5.Up and down heater with two phases heating. 6.Electric heating furnace temperature control system adopts full computer intelligent automatic compensation control, partition control using digital input interface one by one, has the high precision fine-tuning, uniform temperature, heating up fast (only 3 minutes from 0-400 degrees), stability (not influenced by external voltage, temperature fluctuations no more than 1 degree), low energy consumption (energy saving about 15%), the furnace plate advantages for long life. 7.Forming and cutting station with open and close servo motor control, products with automatic tally output. 8.Products can be choosing by you to down stacking type,Or the manipulator is taken in the mold 9.Thermoforming Machine Negative Pressure Forming Machine With product information and data memory function. 10.Feeding caterpillar width can be synchronization automatic or discretely electric adjusting. 11.Nursery tray making machine: Heater automatic shift out device. 12.Mechanical loading device, reduce workers labor strength. Technical Parameter Model HEY06-6335 Forming Area 630x350mm Max.Forming Depth 150mm Sheet thickness 0.2-1.5mm Work Efficiency Max. 30 cycles/ Min Air Pressure 0.9mpa Power Consumption 50-70kw/h Max. Sheet Width 760mm Suited Material PP, PS, PET, PVC Total Max. Power 110 Overall size(LxWxH）mm 10040x2600x3200 Total Weight (T) 7

Flower Pot Making Machine Application This Thermoforming Machine Mainly for the production of variety plastic containers with holes ( flower pots, fruit containers, lids with hole, package containers, etc) with thermoplastic sheets, such as PP, PET, PS,etc. Main Features 55 tons of hydraulic system. Motor power with 15 levels. Hydraulic valve all made by YUKEN Japan. Plastic flower pot making machine mechanical Arm: 1)Horizontal arm and vertical arm use 2KW servo motor; Driven with double shaft synchronous belt.  2)Slide of Taiwan brand;  3)Aluminum material; The frame adopts 160*80, 100*100 square pipe welding. Cast iron working table, constant type and strong impact shear force. Four columns using 45# forgings heat treatment chrome plating of diameter 75mm. Flower pot making machine delivered by chain using 3KW Vtron and RV110 reducer. The method of mold: using four guide column to control the accuracy of both sides. The diameter is 100mm; Material used is 45# chromeplate. Machine Parameter Machine Station Forming, cutting Mechanical Arm Punching and stacking Max Formed Area 1200*1000 (mm2) Max Formed Depth 280-340mm (adjustable) Sheet Width 800-1200mm Roll Diameter 800mm Sheet Thickness 0.2-2.0mm Cycle Per Minute 8-12 molds/min Air Pressure 0.6-0.8wpa（3m³/min） Suitable Material PP/PVC/PS/PET/HIPS Power Consumption 48KW/Hr Engine Power ≤210KW Cutting Mode automatic cutting inside mold Stretching Mode Servo ( 11KW VAXtron servo motor) Ball crew TBI Taiwan Total Weight 6000kg Rack Square steel(100*100) Dimensions L5500*W1800*H2800 Power Supply 380v/50Hz 3 phase 4 lines GB copper wire 90 ㎡

PLC Pressure Thermoforming Machine With Three Stations HEY01 Product Introduction This Pressure Thermoforming Machine Mainly for the production of variety plastic containers ( egg tray, fruit container, food container, package containers, etc) with thermoplastic sheets, such as PP,APET, PS, PVC, EPS, OPS, PEEK, PLA, CPET,etc. Feature Mechanical, pneumatic and electrical combination, all working actions are controlled by PLC. Touch screen makes the operation convenient and easy. Pressure And/Or Vacuum forming. Thermoforming Machine: Upper and down mould forming. Servo motor feeding, feeding length can be step-less adjusted. High speed and accurate. Upper & lower heater, four sections heating. Heater with intellectual temperature control system,which has high precision, uniform temperature, won’t be effected by outer voltage.Low power consumption (energy saving 15%), ensure the longer service life of heating furnace. Forming and cutting unit mold open and close controlled by servo motor, products automatically count. Products be stacked downward. Plastic Thermoforming Machine: data memorization function. Feeding width can be synchronously or independently adjusted in electrical way. Heater will automatically push-out when the sheet is over. Auto roll sheet loading, reduce the working load. Plastic Thermoforming Machine Key Specification Model HEY01-6040 HEY01-6850 HEY01-7561 Max.Forming Area (mm2) 600x400 680x500 750x610 3 Stations Forming, Cutting, Stacking Sheet Width (mm) 350-720 Sheet Thickness (mm) 0.2-1.5 Max. Dia. Of Sheet Roll (mm) 800 Forming Mould Stroke(mm) Upper Mould 150, Down Mould 150 Power Consumption 60-70KW/H Forming Mould Width (mm) 350-680 Max. Formed Depth (mm) 100 Cutting Mould Stroke(mm) Upper Mould 150,Down Mould 150 Max. Cutting Area (mm2) 600x400 680x500 750x610 Cutting Force （ton） 40 Dry Speed (cycle/min) Max 30 Product Cooling Method By Water Cooling Vacuum Pump UniverstarXD100 Power Supply 3 phase 4 line  380V50Hz Max. Heating Power 121.6 Max. Power of Whole Machine (kw) 150 Max. Machine Dimension(L*W*H) (mm) 11150×2300×2700 Weight of Whole Machine ( T ) ≈11 Brand of Main Components PLC Taiwan Delta Touch Screen Monitor (10 inch) Taiwan Delta Feeding Servo Motor (3kw) Taiwan Delta Forming Down Mould Servo Motor (3kw) Taiwan Delta Forming Upper Mould Servo Motor (3kw) Taiwan Delta Cutting Down Mould Servo Motor (3Kw) Taiwan Delta Cutting Upper Mould Servo Motor (5.5Kw) Taiwan Delta Stacking Servo Motor(1.5Kw) Taiwan Delta Heater (192 pcs) TRIMBLE AC Contactor French Schneider Thermo Relay Schneider Intermediate Relay Japan Omron Air Switch South Korea LS Pneumatic Component MAC. AirTAC/ ZHICHENG Cylinder China ZHICHENG   20 years experience GTMSMART Machinery Co., Ltd. is an innovative technology enterprise integrating technology, industry and trade. It mainly develops and produces various types of high-precision automatic production equipment. The newly developed GTM series of fully automatic air pressing molding production line includes: feeding unit, pre-heating unit, forming unit, vertical blanking unit, stack unit, scrap winding unit, punching cutting and stacking three-in-one horizontal blanking unit, online labeling unit, etc., which can be combined with flexible production line according to different production requirements of customers.

We've been proud with the significant shopper fulfillment and wide acceptance due to our persistent pursuit of top of the range both of those on solution and repair for Chinese Professional China Plastic Fruit Container Food Packaging Box Tray Seedling Tray Forming Machine, We warmly welcome all intrigued prospects to make contact with us for more details. We've been proud with the significant shopper fulfillment and wide acceptance due to our persistent pursuit of top of the range both of those on solution and repair for Plastic Fruit Container Forming Machine, Seedling Tray Forming Machine, Our stock have valued 8 million dollar , you can find the competitive parts within short delivery time. Our company is not only your partner in business, but also our company is your assistant in the coming corporation. Application This Negative Pressure Thermoforming Machine Mainly for the production of variety plastic containers ( seeding tray, fruit container, food containers, etc) with thermoplastic sheet. Features 1.Plastic Thermoforming Machine: Mechanical, pneumatic, electrical integration. Each action program is controlled by PLC. Touching screen operation is simple and convenient. 2.Vacuum Forming In-mould Cutting. 3.Up and down moulds forming type. 4.Servo feeding, length step less adjusting, high speed accurately and stablity. 5.Up and down heater with two phases heating. 6.Electric heating furnace temperature control system adopts full computer intelligent automatic compensation control, partition control using digital input interface one by one, has the high precision fine-tuning, uniform temperature, heating up fast (only 3 minutes from 0-400 degrees), stability (not influenced by external voltage, temperature fluctuations no more than 1 degree), low energy consumption (energy saving about 15%), the furnace plate advantages for long life. 7.Forming and cutting station with open and close servo motor control, products with automatic tally output. 8.Products can be choosing by you to down stacking type,Or the manipulator is taken in the mold 9.Thermoforming Machine Negative Pressure Forming Machine With product information and data memory function. 10.Feeding caterpillar width can be synchronization automatic or discretely electric adjusting. 11.Nursery tray making machine: Heater automatic shift out device. 12.Mechanical loading device, reduce workers labor strength. Technical Parameter Model HEY06-6335 Forming Area 630x350mm Max.Forming Depth 150mm Sheet thickness 0.2-1.5mm Work Efficiency Max. 30 cycles/ Min Air Pressure 0.9mpa Power Consumption 50-70kw/h Max. Sheet Width 760mm Suited Material PP, PS, PET, PVC Total Max. Power 110 Overall size(LxWxH）mm 10040x2600x3200 Total Weight (T) 7 We've been proud with the significant shopper fulfillment and wide acceptance due to our persistent pursuit of top of the range both of those on solution and repair for Chinese Professional China Plastic Fruit Container Food Packaging Box Tray Seedling Tray Forming Machine, We warmly welcome all intrigued prospects to make contact with us for more details. Negative Pressure Seedling Tray Forming Machine, Plastic Fruit Container Forming Machine , you can find the competitive parts within short delivery time. Our company is not only your partner in business, but also our company is your assistant in the coming corporation.

cup making machine Application The cup making machine is Mainly for the production of variety plastic containers ( jelly cups, drink cups, package containers, etc) with thermoplastic sheets, such as PP, PET, PE, PS, HIPS, PLA,etc. Cup Making Machine Technical Specifications Model HEY12-6835 HEY12-7542 HEY12-8556 Forming Area 680*350mm 750*420 mm 850*560 mm Sheet Width <680 mm <750 mm <850 mm Max. Forming Depth <180 mm <220 mm <180 mm Heating Rated Power 130kw 140kw 150kw Dimension 5200*2000*2800mm 5400*2000*2800mm 5500*2000*2800mm Machine Total Weight 7T 8T 9T Applicable Raw Material PP, PS, PET, HIPS, PE, PLA Sheet Thickness 0.2-3.0 mm Work Frequency <35 Motor Power 15kw Power Supply Three Phase 380V/50HZ Pressure Supply 0.6-0.8 Mpa Max.air Consumption 3.8 Water Consumption 20M3/h Control System PLC Delta Supply Sheet Rack Feeding Reducer with Motor Worm Gear Reducer (Supror) Pneumatic Pressure AirTAC Cylinder SC63×25=2PSC Pneumatic Feeding Sheet AirTAC Cylinder SC100×150=2PSC Electric Control Human-computer Interface Delta PLC Delta Servo Stretching Motor Delta 11KW servo driver+servo motor Servo Folding Motor Delta 15KW servo driver+servo motor Forming Station Standard square tube frame with 100*100, mould is casted steel and upper mould is fixed by nut. Opening and closing mould driven by eccentric gear connecting rod.Driving power by 15KW (Japan Yaskawa) servo motor, American KALK Reducer,main axis use HRB bearings. Plastic Cup Thermoforming Machine Main pneumatic component use SMC(Japan) magnetic. Sheet feeding device with planetary gear reducer motor, 4.4KW Siemens servo controller. Stretching device uses 11KW Siemens servo. Lubrication device is fully automatic. Caterpillars adopt fully enclosed structure, with cooling device and can manually adjust sheet width. Heating system uses China ceramic far-infrared heaters, stainless steel upper and down heating furnace, upper heater with 12 pcs heating pads vertically and 8 pcs heating pads horizontally , down heater with 11 pcs heating pads vertically and 8 pcs heating pads horizontally.(specification of heating pad is 85mm*245mm);Electric furnace push-out system uses 0.55KW worm gear reducer and ball screw, which is more stable and also protect the heater pads. Cup Thermoforming Machine Air filtration uses triplet, blowing cup can adjust airflow. Folding mould is consist of fixed upper plate、flexible mid plate and 4 pillars with surface hard chrome plating 45#. Eccentric is the construction of connecting rod fold mould, with running range ≤ 240mm. Electric heating furnace could be moved horizontally and vertically freely by guide-rail from Hiwin Taiwan. Top cups is controlled by AirTAC (Taiwan) cylinder. Waste Edge Winding Device On-line winding Reducer with 0.75KW motor (1 pc)